Electromagnetic and Optical Sensor Technologies for Natural Gas Storage Safety Monitoring
This project developed a sensor monitoring system that monitors gas storage well operation and integrity in real time.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Recipient
Berkeley, CA
Recipient Location
9th
Senate District
14th
Assembly District
$1,500,000
Amount Spent
Completed
Project Status
Project Result
The project has completed all the lab and field experiments, including the long-term monitoring at the PG&E gas storage site and controlled experiments with subcontractor C-FER. The project's final report was published June 2024.
View Final ReportThe Issue
Over the operational life of wellbores, the borehole casing and cement are subject to significant mechanical stress and fluid and microbial-induced corrosion and damages. This is exacerbated in underground gas storage (UGS) facilities due to the high operating pressure and multi-decadal injection and withdrawal operations. Wellbore integrity monitoring mostly relies on downhole logging, which is intrusive and expensive to conduct. These limitations render the downhole wireline tools incapable of providing frequent, real-time monitoring data. As a result, predicting the borehole degradation trajectory is difficult, which can provide early warning of potential borehole failures.
Project Innovation
This project developed, lab tested, and field demonstrated an integrated and real-time UGS wellbore operation and integrity monitoring technology based on distributed electromagnetic (EM) and fiber optic reflectometry methods. The technical approach combines novel guided-wave EM Time Domain Reflectometry (EM-TDR) with Brillouin scattering based Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (BO-TDR) methods for distributed monitoring of NGS borehole conditions over the entire length. The combination of these two technologies provided novel diagnostic signatures of the boreholes and, when assisted with autonomous and real time visualization capabilities, can significantly improve the current state-of-the-art for UGS borehole operation monitoring.
Project Goals
Project Benefits
Adoption of the real-time TDR technologies for UGS monitoring can promote safe and reliable energy supplies from underground gas storage reservoirs. Real time operation status monitoring based on EM-TDR and BO-TDR technologies can significantly improve UGS infrastructure resiliency and reliability and minimize potential methane leaks via compromised boreholes. This can help optimize maintenance priorities to minimize loss and interruption to energy supplies. Future developments of real-time TDR based UGS monitoring that connects to operation controls can enable autonomous emergency shutoffs to increase their safety and resilience toward unpredictable damages from natural hazards or other events.
Affordability
The project has the potential to lower energy costs by ensuring the safety and stability of underground gas storage supplies.
Environmental Sustainability
The project will promote environmental sustainability and public health via real-time monitoring to reduce potential methane leaks from underground gas storage borehole leakages as well as safety hazards due to catastrophic borehole failures.
Safety
The technology will enhance underground gas storage reliability and safety by enabling real-time monitoring of operation conditions and notification of abnormalities to facility operators.
Key Project Members
Yuxin Wu
Kenichi Soga
Subrecipients
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
The Regents of the University of California, on behalf of the Berkeley Campus
Trident Environmental & Engineering, Inc.
Match Partners
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Schlumberger Carbon Services, a division of Schlumberger Technology Corporation
C-FER Technologies
